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SELF-BACKWASHING FILTERS FOR THE PURIFICATION WATER
(All rights reserved)
The hydro-automatic system "DEFERUM" is designed for the non-reagent removal of high levels of dissolved iron (up to 75 mg/l), dissolved gases (hydrogen sulphide, carbon dioxide, methane, radon, smell, etc), suspended and colloidal particles to drinking water standards. The "DEFERUM" is equally suitable for the removal of very high, moderate and low concentrations of contaminants
The "DEFERUM" system also provides partial removal of manganese. However, the targeted manganese removal can be provided by the "DEMAGNUM" system - a modification of "DEFERUM"
The "DEFERUM" system can be used as a pre-treatment stage before other conventional applications such as Reverse Osmosis, Ion-Exchange, micro-filtration, also can be used for purification of surface water, industrial, of waste water, etc.
The "DEFERUM" is the most economical, effective and environment-friendly ground water treatment system on a market place. It is currently produced under licence in the USA, Australia, Belarus, Russia, Ukraine, Canada, Holland
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The "DEFERUM" system can be designed for flow rates ranging from 24 m3/day to over 1,000 m3/day and more. The principle technological design is the same for all flow rate ranges. The "DEFERUM" system is comprised of an advanced AKV aerator/degasifier, a hydro-automatic floating filter and a hydro-robot. The system configuration may slightly vary depending on the flow rate: for example, a 500 m3/day system comprises two aerators/degasifiers, two hydro-automatic floating filters, two hydro-automatic backwash units (hydro-robots), a filtrate collector and a backwash water collector.
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 150,000 gpd.
"DEFERUM" system, in USA |
The "DEFERUM" system has the following advantages:
- No chemical reagents are used in the process
- The system is inexpensive and easy to fabricate from only a few types of materials
- Combined continuous removal of iron, dissolved gasses, suspended solids and turbidity
- The system does not require an operator
- Very low failure factor due to absence of mechanical or electrical devices
- Very low maintenance
- The system operation self-adapts to changing contaminant loadings
- A very small amount of water is required for backwash
- No electricity consumed in the process
- No moving or rotating parts are used in the process
- No sheltering required in all weather conditions
- No electronic devices are used in the process
- No valves are used in the process
- Filtering media has a life-span of over 25 years
- No parts or elements to be replaced on a regular basis
- No sheltering required in all weather conditions
- The plant is extremely resilient to physical mishandling
- Backwash function is based entirely on gravity force and difference of water levels
- The filter backwash is self-regulating
- No specialised equipment is required for the construction of the plant
- Quick construction and commissioning
- Affordability
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"DEFERUM" system for "Coca-Cola",
in Belarus
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"DEMAGNUM", in Australia
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Technological process:
Feed water is pumped from the borehole and supplied at 60 PSI to the aerator-degasifier (1) where dissolved gasses are removed from water and atmospheric air oxidizes bivalent iron and partially ions of manganese. Further, feed water flows down the hydro-robot (2) and through the distribution system (3) arrives into the hydro-automatic filter with floating filtering media (4) where impurity particles are arrested throughout the depth of the filtering bed. After filtration, treated water gravity-flows into a filtrate collector via the discharge pipe (6), and a delivery pump forwards purified water to consumption. As fouling of the filter increases, the water level in the hydro-robot rises, causing the filter to switch into backwash mode. Purified water from the above-filter section (5) drops down and expands the filtering bed, washing out the accumulated impurities. When the water level in the above-filter section drops down to a pre-set point (pre-set during commissioning), the hydro-robot stops the backwash and switches the filter into a new filtration cycle. Backwash water is gravity discharged from the system and disposed of or additionally treated according to customer's requirements.
Technical specifications of the "Deferum"system
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Flow rate,
m3/day
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Diameter, Height of filter
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Top height of piping
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Note
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0 to 24
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ID 0.80 m. ÍT=2.2 m.
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3.0 m.
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The system has a filtrate collector
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100 to 200
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ID 1.0 m. ÍT=2,5 m.
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3.7 or 4,8 m.
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Filtrate discharge is at the height of 2,45 m.
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500 to 1,000
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ID 2.4 m; HT=2,75 m., or ID 3,0 m. ÍT=3,4 m.
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3.8 or 5.1 m.
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The system has a filtrate collector
V= 8 m3
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1,000/2,000
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Prefabrication
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3.8 or 5.1 m.
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Two systems: 500/1,000 m3/day
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5,000/10,000
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Prefabrication
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3.8 or 5.1 m.
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Ten systems: 500 /1,000 m3/day
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10,000/20,000
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ID 9.0 m. HT=3.5 m.
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4.7 or 5.9 m.
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Construction of public utility housing
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Parameters
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Value
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Note
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Operating personnel
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-
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System of up to 1000 ì3/day do not require an operator
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Mode of operation
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Continuous / periodic
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The system can be stopped for several hours a day
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Feed water pressure in front of the system at ground level, PSI
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60
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Bore pump should be selected for optimum operation
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Consumption of water for backwash, % of the daily flow capacity
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from 0.8% or 0.0%
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Depending on the initial concentrations of contaminants
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Duration of backwash, seconds
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up to 180
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Depending on the quality of filtrate after backwash
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Oxidants for ions and organics
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-
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Atmospheric oxygen, bacteria. In exceptional cases use of reagents.
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Automatic operation controls and filtrate quality controls
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-
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Hydroautomatic.In special cases - use of reagent dosing devices, pH monitoring probes, ion monitoring probes.
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Average energy consumption by a bore pump, kW / m3
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or 0.19 or 0.05 |
In some cases, where levels of dissolved gases are extremely high, additional electricity may be consumed by a recycling pump for non-reagent raise of pH by aerator/degasisifer.
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Operating cost is only the cost of electricity consumed by the bore pump to supply feed water to the system at 60 PSI and in some cases by a recycling pump. USD/ ì3
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Approx: 0.020
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Based on USA and Australian costs,
if $0.10 US/KW of el. energy
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Fabrication materials
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-
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Choice of plastic or steel for the body and pipes; polymer floating media and stainless steel mesh.
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System location
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-
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Suitable for both indoors and outdoors.
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Ground water characteristics
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Parameters
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Unit
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Permissible levels
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Note
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Ions of two-valent iron
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mg/l
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From 0.10 to 75
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Any forms of iron are removed
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Ions of two-valent manganese
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mg/l
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From 0.05 to 7
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Oxidants: Atmospheric oxygen, bacteria or reagent.
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ðÍ
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-
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From 5.4 to 8.0
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ðÍ of feed water can be raised without chemical reagents by using aerators/degasifiers.
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Hydrocabonates
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mg/l
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From 60 an more
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Alkalinity of feed water can be raised by using natural minerals
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Hydrogen sulphide
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mg/l
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From 0.03 to 9
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Removed by aerator/degasifier
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Free carbon dioxide
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mg/l
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Up to 300
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Removed by aerator/degasifier
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Radon
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pCi/L
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From 60 to 1000000
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Removed by aerator/degasifier
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Suspended and colloidal particles
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mg/l
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From 1.5 to 150
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Removed by filter
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Water temperature
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Ñ
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From 2 to 40
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Water temperature may be raised by 0,5 deg. and more, if aerators/degasifiers operate in the recycling regimen
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Quality of filtrate
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Parameters
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Unit
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Achievable results
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Note
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Total iron
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mg/l
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Less 0.3
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Results achieved in 2 - 7 days after system commissioning
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Manganese
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mg/l
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Less 0.05
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Use combination "Demagnum"
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ðÍ
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-
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6.6 to 8.0
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Results achieved in 2 - 7 days after system commissioning
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Hydrocabonates
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mg/l
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Optimum level for system non-reagent operation
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-
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Hydrogen sulphide
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mg/l
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Less 0.030
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Results achieved in 2 - 7 days after system commissioning
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Carbon dioxide (corrodes steel and concrete)
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-
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Stabillity index from -0.10 to +0.10
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Results achieved in 2 - 7 days after system commissioning
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Radon
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pCi/L
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Less 60
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Results achieved in 2 - 7 days after system commissioning
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Suspended and colloidal particles
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mg/l
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Less 1.5
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Results achieved in 2 - 7 days after system commissioning
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Water temperature
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Ñ
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Over 9.0
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Results achieved in 2 - 7 days after system commissioning
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Redox potential
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mV
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from +0,1 to +0,35
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Results achieved in 2 - 7 days after system commissioning
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Technological solutions and their specifics
The system design is common for all flow-rates. However, individual systems may vary in configuration or add-ons depending on the quality of initial water and/or customer's requirements. The customers are requested to complete our questionnaire and the provided answers enable us to design a system that would provide a tailored solution to customer's needs.
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A batch production of the big filters
“Deferum” system
500 to 1000 m3/day
(ID 2.4 m. HT=2.75 m. 1250 kg.)“Deferum” system
100 to 200 m3/day
(ID 1.0 m. HT=2.5 m. 135 kg.)
- Manufacture of the filters:
e.g 1000 m3/day for two weeks
- Transportation: any transport
- Start-up: the instruction and
technical consultations for
customer, or all make - our people
Economic indicators: here
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